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Ирһаар боохолдой

Ирһаар боохолдой

Ирһаар боохолдой (буквально, "оскалившийся дух") — в бурятском фольклоре, духи, пожирающие души людей, подобно голодным хищным зверям с оскаленными зубами (1614: с.289).

Культурно-географическая классификация существ: Культурна-геаграфічная класіфікацыя істот: Kulturalno-geograficzna klasyfikacja istot: Культурно-географічна класифікація істот: Cultural and geographical classification of creatures:
Псевдо-биологическая классификация существ: Псеўда-біялагічная класіфікацыя істот: Pseudo-biologiczna klasyfikacja istot: Псевдо-біологічна класифікація істот: Pseudo-biological classification of creatures:

Далан түргэд

Далан түргэд

Далан түргэд — в бурятском фольклоре, 70 безымянных духов, вызывающих нарывы (1614: с.289).

Культурно-географическая классификация существ: Культурна-геаграфічная класіфікацыя істот: Kulturalno-geograficzna klasyfikacja istot: Культурно-географічна класифікація істот: Cultural and geographical classification of creatures:
Псевдо-биологическая классификация существ: Псеўда-біялагічная класіфікацыя істот: Pseudo-biologiczna klasyfikacja istot: Псевдо-біологічна класифікація істот: Pseudo-biological classification of creatures:

Аждая

Аждая

Аждая — в фольклоре южных славян враждебное людям змееподобное чудовище обязательно женского пола, как правило, с несколькими головами, обитающее, согласно верованиям и преданиям, в озерах и глубоких водах. В южнославянских языках слово "Аждая" может быть синонимом как европейского дракона в целом, так и ряда схожих южнославянских персонажей: например, халы, ламьи.

Вероятно, был заимствован у турок, как калька с образа Аждарха.

Культурно-географическая классификация существ: Культурна-геаграфічная класіфікацыя істот: Kulturalno-geograficzna klasyfikacja istot: Культурно-географічна класифікація істот: Cultural and geographical classification of creatures:
Псевдо-биологическая классификация существ: Псеўда-біялагічная класіфікацыя істот: Pseudo-biologiczna klasyfikacja istot: Псевдо-біологічна класифікація істот: Pseudo-biological classification of creatures:
Физиологическая классификация: Фізіялагічная класіфікацыя: Fizjologiczna klasyfikacja: Фізіологічна класифікація: Physiological classification:

Beri. Статья из «Призраки, чудовища и демоны Индии»

Beri

The Beri is a very ancient thing that lives in the Lakshadweep Sea.

Most of the time it looks like a large log of driftwood. It can spend years, decades, even centuries at a time in this shape, dormant, floating in the open ocean.

Barnacles, mussels, and other marine animals make their homes on it. They live out their lives bobbing in and out of the waves and the scorching sun, and eventually they die. Their empty shells fall away, and the space where they grew is occupied in turn by the creatures’ descendants.

Generations live and die.

The Beri sleeps.

Eventually, the log is washed onto the shore of one of the atolls of Lakshadweep or the Maldives. There it lies on the beach, unmoving.

If the island is an uninhabited one, the Beri will be swept back out to sea at the next high tide. However, if the island has a village, and if a young woman from that village should go out walking on the beach should happen to sit on the log or stand astride it, the Beri will slowly begin to wake up.

A few days pass before it shakes off its long slumber. Then, late at night, the Beri begins to transform itself. Slowly it takes the shape of a handsome, slumbering young man, stretched out on the sand.

An hour or so before dawn, the man gets up, stretches, and brushes himself off. Then he walks towards the island’s village, where he introduces himself as a visitor from a different island, claiming that he was dropped off by a passing boat.

The disguised Beri proceeds to seek out the same young woman who woke him up on the beach. Since he can make himself appear irresistibly attractive, he usually succeeds in marrying her. Then he settles down on the island and pretends to live a normal life.

Secretly, though, in the dead of night, the Beri keeps sneaking off to the island’s cemetery to dig up corpses, bring them home, and eat them.

Bembong. Статья из «Призраки, чудовища и демоны Индии»

Bembong

In the folklore of the Kuki tribes of Northeast India, a Bembong is a tiny dancing female fairy-spirit.

To summon a Bembong, one must hold a small bamboo basket in one’s palm, and then place a particular sort of bead inside the basket. Then a friend should play a tune on the gourd-flute known as a goshem, while the person holding the basket sings a short song:

We ask God above
to let Bembong dance below.

At this, a Bembong will fly in and begin to dance in the basket. When it is time to send the Bembong away, the singer must sing:

Rush back home, shameless Bembong,
Enemies are attacking your village.

Ref: 123. Haokip Sonkhojang, D. (2006). A Study on the Traditional Religion of the Kukis before the Advent of Christianity [Doctoral dissertation, Manipur University]. Shodhganga.

Бембонг

Бембонг из фольклора племен куки на северо-востоке Индии — крошечная танцующая фея-дух.

Чтобы призвать бембонг нужно взять в ладонь маленькую бамбуковую корзинку, а затем положить туда бусину определённого вида. Затем кто-то из друзей должен играть на тыквенной флейте, известной как гошем, пока человек, держащий корзинку, поёт короткую песенку:

Мы просим Бога наверху
Позволить бембонг танцевать внизу.

Bayangi. Статья из «Призраки, чудовища и демоны Индии»

Bayangi

In the folklore of Maharashtra and the Konkan coast, a Bayangi (or Bayangi Bhoot) is a spirit that can make a person fabulously rich and successful. But the wealth often comes at the ultimate cost of their life, or the life of a loved one.

Occult practitioners who know how to summon a Bayangi are, oddly, almost always very simple people themselves. They typically live in small huts and avoid fancy clothes or vehicles. They charge a fairly modest fee — as of this writing, 10,000 rupees is the going rate — to capture the spirit in a coconut, or in a small white cloth doll. The ritual for binding the spirit involves lemon, supari, and black pepper. It must be conducted on the night of a new moon.

A sort of contract is made at this point. The owner agrees to make regular offerings to the spirit in return for its service. Sometimes these offerings are to be made whenever the moon is new or full; sometimes it is only at the new moon, or just once a year.

At any one of these intervals, the buyer may decide to release the Bayangi and exit the contract. Alternatively, a fixed time period of service may be specified — typically seven years.

The exact nature of the offerings is left unspecified. The buyer must agree to give the spirit whatever it asks for.

The owner of the spirit must then take the coconut or doll containing the Bayangi and hide it somewhere in their home where no one will find it. It is crucially important that no one but the owner should get a glimpse of the thing.

The owner must keep the Bayangi’s hiding place clean and tidy. If there is a devhara (pooja cabinet) in the house, it must be covered with a sheet. Likewise any other images of gods must be covered or removed from the walls.

Vetal. Статья из «Призраки, чудовища и демоны Индии»

Vetal

A Vetal is a spirit which haunts cremation grounds. Vetals like to eat flesh and drink blood.

Folk stories about the Vetal are told in many different languages, across India and even beyond, so the description of the creature can vary quite a lot. (As can the spelling: Betaal, Baital, and Vaital being a few of the variants.) The most familiar Vetal, and possibly the original on which other tales are based, is found in the ancient story Vetala Panchavimshati (“The Twenty-Five Tales of the Vetal”), or its many modern adaptations, Vikram and the Vetal.

“Vetal” is often translated to English as “vampire”, but the two myths are quite different. A Vetal does not actually have a body of its own, though it can inhabit human corpses at will. (In one ancient story, a Vetal inhabits a “body” made out of parts of several different animals sewn together.) By most accounts, it is not the ghost of a human, but a different sort of spirit entirely, perhaps a type of Pisacha. In fact, Vetal and Pisacha are sometimes presented as synonyms. (The original version of Vetala Panchavimshati is supposed to have been written in Paisachi, the language of the demons. But that version has been lost. The oldest surviving version was written in Sanskrit by Somadeva in the 11th century C.E.)

Rakshasa. Статья из «Призраки, чудовища и демоны Индии»

Rakshasa

In Hindu mythology, Rakshasas are a large class of cannibalistic demons. The female term is Rakshasi. These beings were created from the breath of the god Brahma as he lay sleeping at the end of Satya Yuga, the Age of Truth.

Rakshasas are usually described as tall humanoids with blazing red eyes. Each individual has a few features more typical of beasts, such as tails, spotted or striped fur, horns, or clawed feet. Most have two large curved tusks protruding from their upper jaw. Deformities are common, ranging from the mild (hunched backs, missing ears) to the grotesque (two heads, five feet, fingerless hands). All rakshasas are fierce warriors. Some are also master illusionists who can appear in different shapes.

Rakshasas are most active at night. They are said to be less powerful in the East, where the rising sun saps their strength. They are mortal.

The Rakshasas of Bengali folklore, called Rakkhosh, have a famous catchphrase they use while on the hunt: Hau, mau, khau... Manusher gondho pau! (“Hau, mau, khau... I smell human meat!”)

The female of the species is just as deadly as the male, if not more so. Numerous well-known folktales involve Rakshasis who abduct, fall in love with, and/or eat human males. They typically keep their kidnapped boyfriends imprisoned in deep pits, taking them out every night to use them sexually for a while before finally deciding to have them for dinner. Some Rakshasis are so voracious that, given a few years, they can depopulate whole countries.

According to one source, there are 20,000 Maharakshasas (Great Rakshasas) who rule over lesser Rakshasas as kings. These Maharakshasas reside on islands in the sea, where they attack and swallow ships.

Preta. Статья из «Призраки, чудовища и демоны Индии»

Preta

Pretas are hungry ghosts. The feminine version is Preti. They live in Naraka, the abode of the dead, but occasionally they roam the world of the living. Even when they do walk among us, they are invisible; only people in heightened states of awareness, attained through deep meditation, are able to see them.

Pretas are naked, emaciated, and corpse-like, but with huge distended bellies. Their putrid skin is stretched over their bones, making their veins bulge, giving them the appearance of dried-up leaves. They have extremely small mouths and/or long skinny necks.

Some say Pretas are spirits of humans who were greedy, jealous, corrupt, or murderous during their lives, and are therefore condemned in death to suffer from great thirst or hunger. According to others, they are the ghosts of anyone whose funeral rites were not performed correctly, or who died unnaturally as the result of violence or accidents.

Each hungry ghost has a craving for one particular sort of abhorrent food. For some it is blood; for others it is corpseflesh; for others it is the ash from cremation grounds; for still others, it is feces.

But no matter how much they eat, the food always catches fire in their bellies, and burns up before it can provide them any nourishment.

Pretas suffer other torments too. The heat of the sun scorches them, even in the shade. Any good food that is offered to them turns to dung, urine, pus and blood as soon as they accept it. If they are given clothes of fine fabric, these transform into scorching-hot sheets of iron the moment they put them on.

Bhoota (Tulu Nadu). Статья из «Призраки, чудовища и демоны Индии»

Bhoota (Tulu Nadu)

In Tulu-speaking communities around Mangalore, the word Bhoota is used for a rather different sort of spirit than the Bhoot of North Indian stories.

While outsider accounts often refer to the Tulu Nadu Bhootas as devils or demons, many are worshipped as benevolent deities — or at least, deities that can be benevolent if correctly propitiated. Some of them are nature or animal spirits, while others are the ghosts of legendary human heroes.

Many of these Bhootas are represented by intricately detailed brass masks. In a ritual folk performance known as Bhoota Kola, dancers in elaborate costumes go into trances, and are possessed by these spirits.

A few of the well-known Bhootas are listed below.

Bobbariya
Bobbariya Bhoota is the ghost of a legendary fisherman and sea merchant who was prominent in the trade between North Africa, the Persian Gulf, and the Malabar coast. He is supposed to have lived at least 500 years ago.

According to one account of his origins, Bobbariya was born near Goa. His mother was a Tulu-speaking Jain woman named Durgu Shetty. She had been married forty times, but every one of her husbands had died in their sleep on the first night after marriage.

Her brothers finally arranged for a forty-first wedding. The groom was a man named Madhava Bayri, who may have been of black North African Muslim ancestry.

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