Странник — самый загадочный персонаж средневековых бестиариев. Даже устных свидетельств не сохранилось.
Странник — самый загадочный персонаж средневековых бестиариев. Даже устных свидетельств не сохранилось.
Now generally described as a fairy shoemaker, while the cluricaune haunts cellars and spends his time in drinking and smoking and the Fir Darrig is the practical joker of this trio of solitary fairies. Crofton Croker, however, merges the lepracaun and cluricaune together, and regards the differences of names as merely regional. He says (Vol.I, p.140):
The Cluricaune of the county Cork, the Luricaune of Kerry, and the Lurigadaune of Tippcrary, appear to be the same as the Leprechan of Leinster, and the Loghery man of Ulster; and these words are probably provincialisms of Luacharma'n, the Irish for a pigmy.
On the other hand, Douglas Hyde derived the word 'lepracaun' from 'leith bhrogan', the 'one-shoemaker', because he was generally seen working at a single shoe, Yeats seems to think that the three names may represent three aspects of one kind of fairy. For some reason the Lepracaun is now used to represent all kinds of Irish fairies, but it is undoubted that the Lepracaun and the Cluricaune are both solitary fairies, though it will be seen that there are two aspects of the Fir Darrig.
В наши дни его как правило описывают как эльфа-сапожника, тогда как клурикан обитает в подвалах и проводит время за бутылкой и трубкой, а Фир Дариг играет роль главного проказника в этом трио эльфов-одиночек. Крофтон Крокер, однако, объединяет лепрехана и клурикана, а различия между ними считает различиями местными. Он пишет (Т.I, с.140):
Клурикон в графстве Корк, Лурикон в Керри и Луригадон в Типперери, а Логери — в Ульстере; и все эти названия являются, по всей вероятности, диалектными вариантами Луахармана (Luacharmán), что по-ирландски значит «пигмей».
В то же время Дуглас Хайд производит слово «лепрехан» от «лей вроган» (leith bhrogan), «одно-сапожник», потому что его всегда видят с одним сапогом в руках. Йейтс, по-видимому, считал, что эти три названия относятся к разным аспектам одной и той же разновидности эльфа. По неизвестной причине лепреханами теперь называют все типы ирландских эльфов, но не подлежит сомнению, что Лепрехан и Клурикан оба — эльфы-одиночки, хотя у Фир Дарига, как будет показано ниже, имеется два аспекта.
I.
Little Cowboy, what have you heard,
Up on the lonely rath's green mound?
Only the plaintive yellow bird
Sighing in sultry fields around,
Chary, chary, chary, chee-ee! —
Only the grasshopper and the bee? —
"Tip-tap, rip-rap,
Tick-a-tack-too!
Scarlet leather, sewn together,
This will make a shoe.
Left, right, pull it tight;
Summer days are warm;
Underground in winter,
Laughing at the storm!
Lay your ear close to the hill.
Do you not catch the tiny clamour,
Busy click of an elfin hammer,
Voice of the Lepracaun singing shrill
As he merrily plies his trade?
He's a span
And a quarter in height.
Get him in sight, hold him tight,
And you're a made
Man!
II.
You watch your cattle the summer day,
Sup on potatoes, sleep in the hay;
How would you like to roll in your carriage.
Look for a duchess's daughter in marriage?
Seize the Shoemaker — then you may!
"Big boots a-hunting,
Sandals in the hall,
White for a wedding-feast,
Pink for a ball.
This way, that way,
So we make a shoe;
Getting rich every stitch,
Tick-tack-too!"
Nine-and-ninety treasure-crocks
This keen miser-fairy hath,
Hid in mountains, woods, and rocks,
Ruin and round-tow'r, cave and rath,
And where the cormorants build;
From times of old
Guarded by him;
Each of them fill'd
Full to the brim
With gold!
III.
I caught him at work one day, myself,
In the castle-ditch, where foxglove grows, —
A wrinkled, wizen'd and bearded Elf,
Spectacles stuck on his pointed nose,
Silver buckles to his hose,
Leather apron-shot in his lap —
"Rip-rap, tip-tap,
Tick-tack-too!
(A grasshopper on my cap!
Away the moth flew!)
Buskins for a fairy prince,
Brogues for his son, —
Pay me well, pay me well,
When the job is done!"
The rogue was mine, beyond a doubt.
I stared at him; he stared at me;
"Servant, Sir!" "Humph!" says he,
And pull'd a snuff-box out.
He took a long pinch, look'd better pleased,
The queer little Lepracaun;
Offer'd the box with a whimsical grace, —
Pouf! he flung the dust in my face,
And, while I sneezed,
Was gone!
[Motifs: F369.4; F451.0.1]
[Мотивы: F369.4; F451.0.1]
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