Блоги

Fairies. Статья из «Эльфийского словаря» К.Бриггс

Fairies

The word 'fairies' is late in origin; the earlier noun is fays, which now has an archaic and rather affected sound. This is thought to be a broken-down form of Fatae. The classical three Fates were later multiplied into supernatural ladies who directed the destiny of men and attended childbirths. 'Fay-erie' was first a state of enchantment or glamour, and was only later used for the fays who wielded those powers of illusion.

The term 'fairy' now covers a large area, the Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian elves, the daoine sidhe of the Highlands, the tuatha de danann of Ireland, the tylwyth teg of Wales, the seelie court and the unseelie court, the wee folk and good neighbours and many others. The trooping fairies and the solitary fairies are included in it, the fairies of human or more than human size, the three-foot fairies and the tiny fairies; the domestic fairies and those that are wild and alien to man; the subterranean fairies and the water fairies that haunt lochs, streams or the sea. The supernatural hags, monsters and bogies might be considered to belong to a different category, and there are, of course, fairy animals to be considered.

Эльфы, Фейри

Ferrishyn. Статья из «Эльфийского словаря» К.Бриггс

Ferrishyn [ferrishin]

A Manx name for the fairie tribe; the singular is 'Ferrish'. Gill supposes it to be derived from the English 'Fairies'. He gives a list of names of places and plants in which 'ferrish' occurs in A Second Manx Scrapbook (pp.217-218). The Ferrishyn were the trooping fairies of Man, though there does not seem to be any distinction between them and the sleih beggey. They were less aristocratic than the fairies of Ireland and Wales, and they have no named fairy king or queen. They were small, generally described as three feet in height, though sometimes as one foot. They stole human babies and left changelings, like other fairies, and they loved to frequent human houses and workshops when the inhabitants had gone to bed. Their favourite sport was hunting, and they had horses and hounds of their own. The hounds were sometimes described as white with red ears, like fairy dogs elsewhere, but sometimes as all colours of the rainbow, red, blue, green, yellow. The huntsmen wore green coats and red caps, so the hunt must have been a gay sight as they passed. They could hear whatever was said out of doors. Every wind stirring carried the sound to their ears, and this made people very careful to speak of them in favourable terms.

Ферришин

Fenoderee, or Phynnodderee. Статья из «Эльфийского словаря» К.Бриггс

Fenoderee, or Phynnodderee [fin-ord-er-ree]

There are about five ways of spelHng the name of this, which is generally described as the Manx brownie. Indeed, he fulfils all the functions of a brownie, though he is more like lob-lie-by-t he-fire, whom Milton calls 'the lubbard fiend'.

He is large, hairy and ugly, but of enormous strength. There is a story, told by Sophia Morrison in Manx Fairy Tales, that when the Fenoderee was working in Gordon he happened to meet the blacksmith one night and offered to shake hands with him. The blacksmith prudently held out the sock of a plough which he was carrying, and Fenoderee twisted it almost out of shape, and said with satisfaction: 'There's some strong Manxmen in the world yet.' Similar tales are told about Ossian in his old age and about the last of the pechs.

Curiously enough, this uncouth creature is said to have been once one of the ferrishyn, banished from Fairyland. He had fallen in love with a mortal girl who lived in Glen Aldyn, and had absented himself from the Autumn Festival to dance with her in the Glen of Rushen. For this he had been transformed into a hairy shape and banished until Doomsday. He still kept a kindly feeling for humanity, however, and willingly performed all sorts of tasks when his help was needed.

Black Annis. Статья из «Эльфийского словаря» К.Бриггс

Black Annis

Черная Эннис

Ведьма-людоедка с синим лицом и железными когтями, которая жила, как считалось, в пещере в Данских Холмах в Лейстершире. У входа в пещеру рос зеленый дуб, в котором она, как говорили, пряталась и подстерегала заблудившихся детей и ягнят. Пещеру, называвшуюся Домом Черной Эннис, она вырыла в горе собственными когтями.

Существовал обычай в пасхальный Понедельник с раннего утра проводить охоту с приманкой от Дома Черной Эннис до дома Мэра Лейстершира. Приманкой служила дохлая кошка, вымоченная в анисовом семени. Этот обычай отмер в конце XVIII века.

Brown Man of the Muirs. Статья из «Эльфийского словаря» К.Бриггс

Brown Man of the Muirs

Бурый-с-Болот

Дух-хранитель диких зверей, обитающий в Пограничье. Хендерсон приводит рассказ о встрече с ним, который мистер Сёртиз, автор «Истории Дёрхэма», прислал сэру Вальтеру Скотту.

В 1744 году два молодых человека охотились на болотах близ Элсдона, и остановились подкрепиться и отдохнуть возле горного ручья. Младший пошел к ручью напиться воды и, нагнувшись, увидел на другом берегу ручья Бурого с Болот — низкорослого крепко сложенного карлика в одежде цвета сухого папоротника, с нечесаными рыжими волосами и большими, как у быка, горящими глазами. Он сердито отругал парня за вторжение на его землю и убийство зверей, состоящих под его защитой. Сам он питался только черникой, орехами и яблоками. «Пойдем ко мне домой, сам увидишь,» — сказал он. Парень собирался уже перепрыгнуть через ручей, но тут его позвал его друг, и Бурый исчез. Говорили, что если бы парень перебрался через ручей, его бы тут же разорвали на части.

Brownie-Clod. Статья из «Эльфийского словаря» К.Бриггс

Dun Cow of Mac Brandy's Thicket. Статья из «Эльфийского словаря» К.Бриггс

Dun Cow of Mac Brandy's Thicket, The

There was a man called Mackenzie who was one of the tenants of Oonich in Lochaber, and after a time it happened that every night his cattle-fold was broken down and the cattle grazed through his cornfield. He was sure that it was neither the neighbours nor the cattle who were responsible, and concluded that it must be the fairies, so he fetched his brother, the one-eyed ferryman — who had the second sight — to watch with him. Late in the night they heard a sound as of stakes being pulled up, and the one-eyed ferryman, moving quietly towards the far side of the fold, saw a dun, polled cow throwing the stakes aside and butting the cattle to their feet. She then drove them through the broken fence into the cornfield. The One-Eyed Ferryman followed her silently, and saw her go up to the Fairy Knoll of Derry Mac Brandy. The knoll opened before her and she went in. The ferryman hastened after her in time to stick his dirk into the turf at the door, so that it would not shut. The light streamed out of the knoll and he saw everything. In the centre of the knoll sat a circle of big old grey men round a fire on which a cauldron was burning. By this time the farmer had come up, but could see nothing until he put his foot on his brother's foot and then the whole scene was clear to him, and he was very much alarmed, and wanted to go away. But the Ferryman called out in a loud voice: * If your dun cow ever troubles Oonich fold again, I will take everything out of the knoll, and throw it out on Rudha na h-Oitire.' With that he pulled out the dirk and the door shut itself They went down home, and the dun polled cow never troubled them again.

Bucca, or bucca-boo. Статья из «Эльфийского словаря» К.Бриггс

Bucca, or bucca-boo

Margaret Courtney, in Cornish Feasts and Folk-Lore (p.129), says:

Bucca is the name of a spirit that in Cornwall it was once thought necessary to propitiate. Fishermen left a fish on the sands for bucca,
and in the harvest a piece of bread at lunch-time was thrown over the left shoulder, and a few drops of beer spilt on the ground for him, to ensure good luck.

He seems to have declined from a godling to a hobgoblin, for she further says:

Bucca, or bucca-boo, was until very lately (and I expect in some places it still is) the terror of children, who were often, when crying, told that 'if they did not stop he would come and carry them off'.

She also says that there were two buccas: Bucca Dhu and Bucca Gwidder. One version of a 'Mock Ghost/Real Ghost' story is given by Bottrell in Traditions and Hearthside Stories (Vol.I, p.142), as 'The White Bucca and the Black'.

[Motif: V12.9]

Букка, или Букка-Бу

Маргарет Кортни в «Корнуоллльских праздниках и фольклоре» (с.129) пишет:

Букка — это имя духа, которого в Корнуолле некогда считалось необходимым ублаготворять. Рыбаки оставляли на песке рыбу для букки, а в страду в обед бросали за левое плечо кусок хлеба и проливали на землю несколько капель пива, чтобы обеспечить удачу.

Bugs, bugs-a-boo, boggle-boos, bugbears, etc. Статья из «Эльфийского словаря» К.Бриггс

Bugs, bugs-a-boo, boggle-boos, bugbears, etc

Буки, буги, буг-а-бу, богглы-бу, букозвери и другие

Всех их обычно считают детскими страшилками, выдуманными для устрашения и усмирения детей. До некоторой степени подробно их рассматривает Джиллиан Эдвардс в книге «Хобгоблин и дружочек Пак» (с.83-89), видящая в них производные от древнего кельтского «bwg». Большинство этих слов относится к воображаемым страхам типа «…куст ракиты или волк» Такая трактовка слова bugbear отражается в переводе одной итальянской пьесы, поставленной около 1565 года и названной «The Buggbear». Пьеса посвящена заклинателям-шарлатанам.

Devchar. Статья из «Призраки, чудовища и демоны Индии»

Devchar

Devchar, also called Zagevoilo or Bandevoilo, is a spirit of the Konkan coast. He is variously described as a guardian deity, a devil, a mischievous spirit, the ghost of a man who died soon after marriage, or as a forest-dweller who lures people to follow him.

Those who do follow Devchar into the woods are sometimes found dead, other times alive; if they survive, they are likely to be discovered far from home, unable to explain how they got there.

The Catholic Church of Goa translated the Portuguese Diablo (“Devil”) into Konkani as Devchar, so the spirit has often been equated with Christian devils, or with Satan himself. However, many Hindus, and those with syncretic beliefs, reject this. Instead, they revere Devchar as a protector who resides at the four corners of a village boundary. This Devchar is propitiated with offerings of feni (the local Goan liquor, made from coconut or cashew). He also likes toddy, leavened bread, and country cigarettes. These offerings are sometimes left quietly behind Christian crosses, such as those placed at the sites of road accidents.

Devchar is also associated with Rakhondar, another guardian deity of Konkan villages; with Betal, the king of ghosts (see under Vetal); and with the demon-god Maru.

In the Spring, during Shigmo (a Goan holiday coinciding with Holi), Betal temples hold a festival called Gadyachi Zatra. During this festival, in the middle of the night, Devchar is said to appear as a faceless, shadowy form. He delights the crowds by holding flames in his palms and walking in the air. Cameras are strictly forbidden at the festival, and there are several modern legends about would-be photographers falling unconscious or deathly ill.

RSS-материал