A type of Tibetan magic user known as a ngagspa can perform a very precise and dangerous spell ceremony that will create a vampiric REVENANT called a rolang (“corpse who stands up”). The sole purpose for his wanting to create such a creature is to obtain the creature’s tongue, a powerful magical item.
The ngagspa locks himself in a room with a corpse that he has procured. He then lies on top of it and empties his mind of all thought except for the magical incantation he is continuously repeating to himself. He will eventually place his lips on top of the corpse’s lips and use his arms to keep the corpse’s arms pinned down.
Sooner or later, the corpse, now a rolang, will try to rise and escape. The ngagspa must prevent this from happening while his lips maintain contact with the rolang’s lips. If even so much as an instant of separation occurs, the spell will be broken, the ngagspa will lose control of the vampire, and it will rampage through the village, killing everyone it sees by ripping bodies apart. No one will survive the assault; even its touch is fatal. Nothing will remain but a decimated town littered with bodies. It is said that only a scant few lamas are still in existence who know the magical rites that will stop the rolang, causing it to lie back down and return to its former state of being, a harmless corpse.
However, if the ngagspa can maintain the spell and the physical contact long enough, the rolang’s tongue will make its way out of its mouth and into the ngagspa’s, who must then bite down as hard as he can, severing the tongue. As soon as this happens, the rolang will collapse dead and the ngagspa will have a powerful and hard-won magical item.
The word ride, when used in context of a vampiric attack, refers to a specific type of sexual assault on a victim. There are numerous species of vampires that utilize this method of assault, many of which are energy vampires, and the best known is perhaps the ALP of German lore (see GERMAN VAMPIRES).
To commit an act of riding, a vampire typically seeks out a person who is asleep. Upon entering the room, the vampire usually induces a form of sleep paralysis, rendering the victim unable to move or speak but otherwise fully aware of his surroundings. By either sitting upon his chest or straddling the victim, the vampire then causes some varying amount of pressure to the person’s body. From this position the vampire may engage in some level of sexual activity with its prey, and this is done for a variety of reasons, be it attempting to cause a nocturnal emission, steal semen, or impregnate a woman. What the vampire is doing, in essence, is creating energy, sexual in this case, that it feeds off of in addition to any other activities it may be involved in. It is not uncommon for a vampire, after it has consumed its required need for sexual energy, to then attack its prey, draining him of some to all of his blood.
It should be noted that although the amount of pressure the vampire uses upon its prey may be great enough to kill in some cases, the act of riding is not about crushing a person to death but rather absorbing his vital energy and essences (such as sexual energy and related bodily fluids) (see ENERGY VAMPIRE).
Source: Botting, Gothic, 139; Leatherdale, Dracula the Novel and Legend; Krevter, Der Vampirglaube in Sudosteurope, 433; Williams, Ways of Knowing in Early Modern Germany, 65
The word revenant, a variation of the French word revenir (“to return”), simply means “one who has returned after death or a long absence”. It is used in vampiric lore to describe any being or creature that has died, risen up from its grave, and returned to a kind of “unlife” (or UNDEATH) among the living. Not all revenants are vampires, although many types of vampires are revenants.
Source: Ashley, The Complete Book of Vampires; Barber, Vampire, Burial and Death, 85; Day, Vampires, 194
Ревенант
Слово ревенант, вариация французского слова ревенир («возвращаться»), означает просто «тот, кто вернулся после смерти или долгого отсутствия». Оно используется в преданиях о вампирах, чтобы описать любое существо или создание, которое умерло, восстало из могилы и возвратилось к некой «нежизни» (или немертвости) среди живых. Не все ревенанты — вампиры, хотя многие типы вампиров являются ревенантами.
Источники: Ashley, «The Complete Book of Vampires»; Barber, «Vampire, Burial and Death», 85; Day, «Vampires», 194
In Scotland and Wales there lives a type of vampiric fay called a redcap. Looking like a small and twisted old man with big teeth, long fingers, and skinny arms, it wears boots made of iron with iron spikes on the soles. The redcap gets its name from the hat it wears upon its head. White originally, it has turned red because the little fay is always trying to mop up the blood of its victims.
Redcaps live in abandoned places where there was once a great amount of violence, like a battlefield or a place of execution. Highly territorial, they will attack anyone who walks too near their home by utilizing their amazing strength to drop boulders on victims’ heads.
Unlike most fay, the redcap is not susceptible to iron, as its boots prove. However, reciting verses from the Bible, showing it a CRUCIFIX, or sprinkling it with holy water will drive it off.
Lord Soulis of Hermitage Castle had a redcap as a familiar (see SOULIS, LORD OF HERMITAGE CASTLE).
Source: Dorson, The British Folklorists, 111; IGI, Folklore, 248; Masters, Natural History of the Vampire, 140; Summers, Geography of Witchcraft, 205
Ravana (Rha-VAN-ah)
Variations: The King of (Sri) Lanka
Ravana, according to Hindu lore, was once the king of Lanka, faithful to his god, and ruler of a prosperous kingdom. He was brave, courageous, and smart, and knew how to use every type of weapon with a degree of skill. Only Lord Shiva himself could kill him. He was further blessed with the ability of flight and invisibility, and could make it rain water, fire, or thousands of arrows. Despite all of this, in his heart Ravana wasa pleasure seeker who sought to use his abilities and gifts for his own personal satisfaction, which in turn caused him to become lustful, proud, quick to anger, and filled with jealousy. Open to corruption, he succumbed and fell from his status as human and devolved into a ten-headed and twenty-armed demon that became the king of the RAKSHASAS. As a demon, he is now driven by his compulsion to drink human blood. A highly skilled shape-shifter, he is also strong enough to split a mountain with his bare hands. Ravana can rip a man’s soul right from his body, regenerate lost limbs, and is immune to all the elements of this plane of existence. Should an attack reach his only vulnerable place, his heart, Ravana can be struck dead by any blow or attack that would destroy a human heart. However, he can be resurrected by pouring blood into his mouth.
Source: Shashi, Encyclopedia Indica, 418-439; Summers, Vampire: His Kith and Kin, 300; Turner, Dictionary of Ancient Deities, 335
The Betsileo people who live on the southern part of the Madagascar plateau have in their mythology a ceremonial vampire known as a ramanga (“blue blood”) who serves the tribal chiefs. His duty as the noble’s constant companion is to eat the nail clippings as well as drinking any blood or spit that the chief or other people of high stature may shed. This is done to ensure that these vital ingredients cannot fall into the hands of a witch who would use them to make a fetish.
Source: Frazer, The Golden Bough, 236; Kent, Early Kingdoms in Madagascar, 221; Masters, Natural History of the Vampire; NPAP, Psychoanalytic Review, 6
Раманга
В мифологии народности бецилеу, из южной части плато Мадагаскар, есть церемониальный вампир, известный как раманга («голубая кровь»), который служит вождям племени. Его обязанности, в качестве постоянного спутника аристократа, состоят в том, чтобы поедать обрезки ногтей, а также выпивать любую кровь или слюну, которые может пролить вождь или другие высокоранговые люди. Это нужно для того, чтобы все эти жизненно важные ингредиенты не попали в руки ведьмы, которая могла бы использовать их для создания фетиша.
Источники: Frazer, «The Golden Bough», 236; Kent, «Early Kingdoms in Madagascar», 221; Masters, «Natural History of the Vampire»; NPAP, «Psychoanalytic Review», 6
There is a VAMPIRIC WITCH in India that is called a ralaratri (“black night”). Accompanied by cats, one of which is her familiar, she is described as having eyebrows that have grown together, full lips, large cheeks, and suspiciously large and predominant teeth. Beyond having her own type of witchcraft, the ralaratri has an array of abilities, including controlling storms, prophesying, potion brewing, and shape-shifting into a tiger. It is usually in her tiger form that the ralaratri will hunt for humans to kill, but she will revert to her human self to eat their flesh.
The ralaratri in tiger form is notoriously difficult, as well as dangerous, to kill. It is suggested that the better route would be to follow or track the tiger back to the ralaratri’s home and wait until she has assumed her human form. Then, before she can cast her magic or shapeshift again, her teeth must be smashed in, as this will remove her powers. Once stripped of her magic and abilities, the ralaratri is completely helpless and can be killed by any method that would kill a human.
Source: Baskin, Dictionary of Satanism, 272; Masters, Eros and Evil, 188; Spence, Encyclopædia of Occultism, 226; Wedeck, Dictionary of Magic, 77
В древнеиндийском эпосе «Махабхарата» упоминается мифическое животное, составленное из девяти разных существ, называемое Навагунджара, одно из воплощений бога Вишну.
По легенде, когда герой «Махабхараты» Арджуна совершал покаяние на холме, перед ним явился странный зверь с головой петуха, павлиньей шеей, холкой (горбом) быка, львиным задом и змеей вместо хвоста. Существо стояло на трех ногах — тигриной, слоновьей и лошадиной (оленьей), четвертой конечностью была поднятая человеческая рука, державшая цветок лотоса (вариант — колесо). Сперва Арджуна был в ужасе и чуть было не выстрелил в зверя из лука, но благодаря внезапному озарению понял, что перед ним сам Вишну, явившийся ему в облике странного зверя — Навагунджары. В итоге, бросив оружие Арджуна поклонился перед Навагунджарой.
Сцена данного сюжета изображена в северной части храма Джаганнатхи в Пури. Кроме того, на вершине храма Джаганнатхи снаружи купола вырезаны восемь навагунджар, обращенных к центральному шпилю.
Культурно-географическая классификация существ:Культурна-геаграфічная класіфікацыя істот:Kulturalno-geograficzna klasyfikacja istot:Культурно-географічна класифікація істот:Cultural and geographical classification of creatures:
In the Hinduism that is practiced in India there is a vampiric race of demons known as the rakshasas, created by Brahma to protect the ocean from those who sought to steal the secret Elixir of Immortality. They are part human and part animal, but the human-to-animal ratio varies widely depending on the source being cited. Most often the animal mix is tiger. The Vedas, a Hindu religious text, describes the beings as having five legs and a body completely covered in blood. Modern descriptions of rakshasas add that they have fangs and the ability to use magic.
When not protecting the Elixir of Immortality, the rakshasas live in the treetops; however, they will often wander in cemeteries where they will disrupt services and religious incantations. When hunting for humans to feed upon, the male of the species will stay up in the treetops and wait for its favorite prey to pass underneath: infants or pregnant women. Then, the rakshasas will vomit down onto them, killing them. Female rakshasas, called rakshasis, have the ability to shape-shift into beautiful women, and in that guise will lure men off to a discreet location in order to attack them, draining them of their blood.
There is a belief that if a child can be persuaded to eat human brains, it will transform into this vampiric creature. A type of sorcerer exists that follows the rakshasas’ activities closely, as they will consume the uneaten remains of a rakshasas kill. This act is called YATU DHANA.
Rakshasas can be killed if an exorcism is performed on them, but prolonged exposure to sunlight or burning them to ash works as well.
Source: Crooke, Introduction to the Popular Religion, 124, 154-158, 234, 320; Knapp, Machine, Metaphor, and the Writer, 161-162, 171; Pattanaik, Indian Mythology, 79, 86, 90-96
In the Bihar and Orissa regions of India there is the belief in a vampiric creature called a punyaiama (“pure race”). It is described as looking like an old woman with black skin, poisonous fingernails, and slitted eyes. It is usually covered in the ashes from funeral pyres, as that is where it sleeps during the day. At night, the punyaiama attacks lone travelers as they walk down quiet roads. It also climbs up to the roof of a house and feeds a magical string down the home’s chimney. The thread is enchanted to find sleeping women or women who are passed out drunk, insert itself into their skin, and feed blood back up to the waiting punyaiama. The vampire also has the ability to possess a corpse, and when it does so, the corpse’s feet distort and bend backward.
Source: Kosambi, Introduction to the Study of Indian History, 35-45; Saletore, Indian Witchcraft, 83; Volta, The Vampire, 151
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